The Vegetarian 🌳

Wednesday, November 13, 2024 :: Tagged under: art_crit essay. ⏰ 28 minutes.

🎵 The song for this post is Love Song (The Cure, Salsa Cover), by the Williamsburg Salsa Orchestra 🎵

Cover for the novel The Vegetarian, by Han Kang

A friend and I read The Vegetarian, by Han Kang. Here are some high-level reactions, and a selection of my quotes + notes in the expandable sections. You can see other deep-dive art reactions at the art_crit tag.

Cultural Cavendish bananas: prestige, awards, and safe along what axis

Thinking of how to describe The Vegetarian, the main thing I want to say is "well, it won a Nobel. It's like that." This isn't that informative on its own, so I'll elaborate.

Every piece is greatly informed by its market. When I talk about loving New York theatre, everyone incorrectly thinks I mean Broadway. While there's a lot to love about it: Broadway is where creativity goes to die. You don't see actually challenging work on Broadway, because people don't pay for that. The success case for Broadway is tickets being so in-demand you're able to charge $600 for them, like Hamilton at its peak. You aren't going to get that with naked silver people dancing to Yoko Ono, or a piece that reminds audiences that tax dollars subsidize CIA black sites. Mike Pence went to Hamilton. People pay to have a good fucking time.

Broadway is the Pringles of theatre: it's reliably safe and delicious. If you get upset with a Broadway show for not being daring or interesting enough, that's on you. You should know when you walk in: Broadway is for craft, it's for the stars, it's for bombast, it's for "safe prestige."

Another example: AAA video games. I've linked this ancient essay from a game developer a few other places, but permit the big quote, since nobody ever clicks links (emphasis his):

Correct games

There is a form to modern console games. If you've played the recent Bioshock Infinite, you can see the full glory of the vision. These are great games, especially if you know and appreciate the immense skill that goes into their creation. Each element serves a business purpose.

First there is a world rendered in lush 3D. This justifies the hardware.

Next are intermittent dollops of plot. These are voice acted because it is a quality signal. They feature intricately modeled characters on a virtual stage. This gives the arc narrative momentum and lets you know you've finished something meaningful.

Filling out the gaps in the 7-12 hours ride are moments of rote game play with all possible feedback knobs tuned to 11. Blood, brains, impact. Innovation is located at 11.2. This makes you feel something visceral.

Each element of this form is refined to a most perfect formula. There are crate-raised critics who make subtle distinctions between the 52 historical shades of grey. There are documents and research. If you are a creative working at or within a publisher, your higher purpose is to judge games based off their adherence to the form. The game is a product and consistency, much like that found in McDonalds fries, results in repeat purchases. As a publisher designer, you are someone with taste.

You police the act of creation. It is a job. It is a set of orders that come from above. It is your childhood dream.

We haven't really broken this form, even a decade later. This leads to AAA game pretty much playing themselves; here's a video on how God of War has "puzzles," but they don't even give you time to solve them before an NPC points you to the answer. The video suggests it's because in playtesting, n% of players got frustrated without the hints, and even for small values of n, that's hundreds of thousands of players, which is tens of millions in revenue, which you can't afford for a game with this budget.

So, if I talk about Marvel Midnight Suns and say "it's a AAA game," you already know a lot about it.


Back to The Vegetarian: it won a Nobel! What does that mean, concretely?

To me: it's a novel that's going to commit hard to its own seriousness; it can't be a piece someone puts down and says "that was very entertaining!" The crowd that judges Nobels calls things "entertaining" to exclude them from the Nobel. It should feel good to consume, but not because it entertained you: it's going to have portent. It has to contain something called "meaning" for a broad swath of international, book-reading intelligensia. It won't have big genre elements (fantasy, sci-fi) unless they're sheened with prestige, e.g. Latin American magical realism.

It touches Deep Feelings, but will not be prescriptive about them: it takes you 80% of the way there, then lets you imagine the last 20. Like Best Picture Oscar winners, it will probably bend towards tragedy over joy, humor, or inspiration, as I think its audience feels safer to ascribe deep or authentic feelings to sad ones.

Maybe a little saucier: if it's from a non-White place, it'll be viewed, purposefully or not, as a window into that culture, so it'll probably be lightly titillating to a presumed-White audience. Back when we had record stores, behind the "Pop" and "Rock" sections, past the "Jazz" and near "Classical," there was a section called "World" with CDs that had African drums, or didgeridoos, or pan flutes. US audiences would close their eyes and Culturally Appreciate it. I feel non-White Nobel winners for literature have a whiff of this. Which brings us to our next section...

Representing a culture, putting on a good face

A photo Namdaemun Market in Seoul, with a ton of very Korean food - skewers and kimchis and panckes and mushrooms - on display.
(via pxhere)

If I'm reading this novel, and find something objectionable (e.g. "wow! why is this acceptable in a marriage!?"), is it okay if I ascribe it to a country's culture? Better question, can I stop myself? Should I?

I'm no expert on Korea, but I saw Past Lives recently, which follows a woman whose family left Korea for Canada when she was a little girl. She grows up pretty Westernized and marries a White American, but reunites with her best friend from her time in Korea, a boy who loved her, now grown into a man. After she reunites with him and her husband inquires how it went, she tries reassuring her husband with "well, he's extremely Korean." In that phrase, she's communicating something about how the Korean man interprets a number of topics like masculinity, emotional expression, marriage and love, and duties, versus how her American husband does.

So reading The Vegetarian, there are some dynamics at play with the characters, their relationships, their communication styles, and when I reacted to them, I didn't know how to feel, or react to those feelings. Within each character's interiority, there's a lot happening with their relationship to wants, desire, and agency. It's all juicy stuff, and I loved chewing on it. But I wonder how much of the fun I had was being an outsider looking in, and forming an incomplete picture of another culture. And I wondered how I should feel about reading this and being like "ooooOOH! Korea!!"

Guatemala's most famous literary work is a Nobel winner too, El Señor Presidente, a book on the horrors of dictatorship. I love that we have that, I love that people read it, and I love that people enjoy it. But I get the ick at imaging foreigners reading it, and thinking that's most of their impression of Guatemala. "Oh, how horrible that place is, with their dictatorship." We have joyful families, we have laughter and mirth, we have vice and alcoholism, we have torrid affairs, people beating the odds, doctors successfully treating cancer patients. We founded Duolingo, collaborate with Hollywood to make movies, and got to portray Moon Knight.

Image of a tweet by Juan Pablo Buritica, saying "as a banana republic native, I think to myself: &quotAt least we didn't do this to ourselves""
(via)

So I had a background process while reading asking myself: how does the author navigate representing their culture without making it a piece about the culture for foreigners to gawk at? How you foster international acclaim without writing for a foreign audience? Can you write about your own people's shit without inviting others to point from the outside and say "wow, you guys have some shit, huh?"

Lost in translation

Image of actor Alden Ehrenrech as young Han Solo next to Harrison Ford when he played Han Solo
I wasn't wild about the Solo movie, but I'm so, so glad they didn't just "digitally de-age" the main actors, or worse, CGI them like they did to Grand Moff Tarkin. Let people make art, dammit.

My feelings on one idea got big and far away enough that I'm going to write its own post: the idea is "artistic handoffs," the various beautiful mutations that happen when a piece of art gets handed off from party A to party B, like relay runners passing a baton. Have a sneak peek at the bullet point outline if you're curious:

Anyway, according to Wikipedia, the translation for The Vegetarian got criticized:

Smith's translation was criticized in South Korea for inaccuracies. The Los Angeles Times noted that Smith embellished Han's writing style, quoting a translator who called it an "adaptation" rather than a translation. Scholars have pointed out various mistakes, including concerns that Smith may have attributed some of the dialogue to the wrong characters. Writing for The Guardian, Claire Armitstead felt that Smith's "activist" translation helped make South Korean literature more accessible. Smith defended her translation in the Los Angeles Review of Books.

There's a lot of juicy back-and-forth there! The author, meanwhile, seems more than content with their translator:

Talking about the process, Han said, "Deborah usually sends me the file of her translation after she finishes, with notes and questions. And I send it back to her with my answers and notes. It is just like having a chat endlessly. I truly enjoy this process. I am lucky to have met Deborah, a wonderful translator who can render subtlety and delicacy." Smith has said that her first attempt at Korean translation involved "looking up practically every other word in the dictionary". Smith has translated some of Han's other works, including Human Acts (2016) and The White Book (2017).

So, again, this book gave me another background process the whole time: What does a translator have to do to become celebrated? I feel like translation is a bit like computer security, or the risk function for a lender: it's a loser-only game so that when you're doing well, nobody notices you, and if you got noticed, you probably "lost."

Agency, reality

After three sections on the macro, we're finally, finally talking about the work.

Agency

I asked myself a lot of questions about agency in this book. Before deciding to full-throat support authoritarians from 2016 onwards, Peter Thiel was showing us he flirted with authoritarianism by saying in 2009

I no longer believe that freedom and democracy are compatible

Because to him, having us get in his way by voting for things he doesn't want (like making him pay taxes) is an assault on his freedom.

My preferred response to this comes from John Scalzi:

I really don’t know what you do about the "taxes are theft" crowd, except possibly enter a gambling pool regarding just how long after their no-tax utopia comes true that their generally white, generally entitled, generally soft and pudgy asses are turned into thin strips of Objectivist Jerky by the sort of pitiless sociopath who is actually prepped and ready to live in the world that logically follows these people’s fondest desires.

The truth is: we live in a society! You were born in a society, benefit(ted) from that society; you can't just say "I want something they don't allow," pull out of the social contract, and expect this to have zero consequences, practical or ethical. I know many people who might want to drink a daquiri from the skull of Peter Thiel, I suspect he very much believes in the Taxpayer-funded State with a Monopoly in Violence in instances where it protects him. He used taxpayer-funded judges to shut down Gawker, after all.

Libertarians being dickbags aside: you don't have to work to hard to have a more charitable read on this talking point. Many of my friends and I want safe, legal abortion to be widely available and federally protected, but the US democracy allowed us to put people in place who took that away. Many people enjoy doing drugs, and it seems in places where it's legal, it's much, much safer, but a number of people don't make it politically safe to campaign on that. While I think the message "democracy is good" is more important to trumpet right now, you can argue technical correctness in spotting the two in conflict.

Futurama meme where someone proclaims "You are technically correct. Which is the best kind of correct."

Care

What does it mean to care for somebody? Between everyone who thinks they're doing something good for her, who do you think is, actually? If your sibling were going through something like this, how would you act? Her practices get more extreme over time, do you think it was inevitable to end where it did, do you think there were possible interventions sooner in the process that would have changed the outcome? To what degree do you believe each of the three big readings in the previous sidebar?

Comparisons to Sailor, with many of the same issues

If you'd asked me what my most me novel was between the ages of 17 and, say, 28, I would have replied The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With The Sea, by Yukio Mishima. We read it in IB English Higher, and at the time I had no idea how strange and rare a book it was. Good luck trying to read it: there's no English ebook, no audiobook. Mishima's craft is the top of the game, but also: what a weird dude! With a weird end! This book spoke to me.

When I read The Vegetarian, Sailor was the closest book that came to mind, stylistically. The prose is spare. It's got occasional flourishes and poetry, but nobody would call it "ornate" or "flowery." It describes some absolute horrors, but in spare language, almost aloof. Both describe tortured interiority with a cool exterior. Something about characters as internally hot as a furnace, desperately wanting, but only able to navigate a functional, more boring person day-to-day.

I wonder how much is that they're works in translation, though? I hate to be the person who just compares "two East Asian writers in translation."

Grab bag

I hope the rest of this was interesting enough; if you've read the book (or don't care about spoilers), this is where it'll get juicier. These are my notes, pretty raw: the double-quoted section is a passage from the novel, the single-quoted is my note, and any context I'm adding at this point of writing is has no quoting.